Stem Cell Therapy for Kidney failure in India: Benefits, Risks & Safety
Are you considering stem cell therapy for kidney failure in India but hesitating because you don’t know whether it is safe or not?
We can understand your dilemma.
But you should know that kidney failure cannot stop you from living your life and enjoying your day-to-day activities.
The right treatment at the right time can give you the chance to live a healthy and active life.
Stem cell therapy has extraordinary potential and it can help damaged kidneys heal and reverse chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
But before learning about how stem cell therapy helps in kidney failure, let’s understand how your kidneys work and why they fail.
Key Takeaways
- Stem Cell Therapy Potential: Stem cell therapy can help repair damaged kidneys, reduce inflammation, and potentially reverse chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- Best Applied Early: Therapy shows better outcomes when applied during the early stages (Stage 1 or 2) of CKD, delaying or preventing the need for dialysis or transplant.
- Treatment Process: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) regenerate kidney tissue, improve immune function, and slow further kidney damage.
- Cost and Success Rate: In India, each cycle of stem cell therapy costs between $2,000 to $3,000, with a 60-80% success rate, especially in early CKD stages.
- Consideration Factors: The patient’s CKD stage, doctor’s experience, treatment protocol, and success rates must be evaluated before opting for stem cell therapy.
Kidneys are the filter system of your body. They are located at the back of your abdomen.
Your kidneys remove the waste products from your blood and balance your body’s fluids.
Kidneys are also part of your urinary system. Also, they filter fluid from your body. They remove the waste from your body in the form of urine while doing so.
They also help you balance your body’s fluids like water and electrolytes. Electrolytes have important minerals like sodium and potassium.
Your Kidneys are part of the filter system of your body. Your kidneys filter blood and remove the waste products from your blood and thus balance your body’s fluids.
Your kidneys are also part of your urinary system. Your kidneys filter fluid from your body and remove the waste from your body in the form of urine.
Your kidneys also help you balance your body’s fluids like water and electrolytes. Electrolytes have important minerals like sodium and potassium.
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), your kidneys lose their function gradually. If the CKD reaches advanced levels, your body starts accumulating a huge amount of waste and fluids.
So the advanced stage of CKD can be life-threatening.
If you are in the early stage of CKD you might have a few symptoms and that’s why you may not realize that you have any serious health issues. You may not realize that you have CKD until you reach the advanced stage.
The goal of CKD treatment is to slow down the process of kidney damage by controlling the cause of it.
That is why it is always better to understand the stages of CKD.
What are the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Here are the 5 stages of CKD. These stages range from mild damage in stage 1 to complete kidney failure in stage 5.
The stages are categorized based on how much extra fluid and waste your kidneys can filter out of your blood.
Your kidneys can still filter out waste from your blood in the early stages of kidney disease.
But they need to work harder to get rid of waste and they even may stop working completely as they reach more advanced stages.
Before we begin with the stages of chronic kidney disease, let’s first understand what eGFR is.
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) is the test to measure your level of kidney function and determine your stage of kidney disease. The value of eGFR is calculated by your blood creatinine test results, age, body size, and gender.
eGFR tells how much kidney function you have. A Kidney disease gets worse if GFR goes down.
If your eGFR is 90 or above, it signifies that you are in Stage 1 CKD and you have suffered a minimal amount of kidney damage.
Specifically, the eGFR of 90 or more means that your kidneys are functioning properly but other test results suggest you have kidney disease.
Such signs may include the presence of protein in your urine (pee) or actual physical harm of your kidneys.
If your eGFR ranges from 60 to 89, your kidney disease stage is two.
In this stage, although the kidneys are healthy and functioning well, you will begin to experience some of the symptoms of a mild level of kidney damage.
The symptoms of this stage are almost the same as the symptoms of the first stage but are characterized by higher severity.
The treatment of stage 2 chronic kidney disease is not very challenging at all because this stage is characterized by little harm to the kidney and can be healed quickly.
If you have an eGFR between 30 and 59, you have reached Stage 3 CKD. At this stage, your kidneys are damaged or they are not working as they should.
That is why, stage 3 chronic kidney disease treatment becomes complicated.
You might start observing symptoms like:
- Swelling in hands and feet
- Regular Back pain
- Frequent or less Urination (peeing) than normal
In Stage 3, health complications start showing up as waste builds up in your body and your kidneys are not working well. Some of these complications can be:
- High blood pressure
- Anaemia (a condition in which red blood cells are deficient)
- Bone related disease
At stage 3, you have to visit a nephrologist (kidney doctor). After analyzing your condition doctor will make a treatment plan that is right for you and tell you how often you will need to have your kidneys checked.
Apart from consulting with a nephrologist, you should also meet with a dietitian, who will help you follow a healthy diet.
Also, regularly check your blood pressure and diabetes and get regular medicine.
When you have an eGFR between 15 and 29, you have reached the stage 4 CKD.
In this stage, your kidneys are moderately or severely damaged.
You need to remember that stage 4 of CKD is a severe condition and it is the last stage before kidney failure.
Your hands and feet may swell. You may have back pain and you may you may urinate frequently at this stage.
Your health worsens further as waste builds up in your body. You may also have health issues like High blood pressure, anaemia, and Bone-related disease.
Here are some of the things you should do at this stage:
- Visit a nephrologist regularly. You should visit the nephrologist every three months.
The nephrologist will guide you and advise you on the treatment plan that is most appropriate for you. Nephrologists may also suggest specialized blood pressure medicines like ACE inhibitors and ARBs (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) depending on your vital parameters and comorbidities.
- Consult a dietitian, who will suggest a healthy diet plan.
Apart from that, you should ask your nephrologist about how to prepare for kidney failure, you need to start dialysis and even prepare for a kidney transplant once your kidney function starts deteriorating beyond a point.
Your doctors prescribe dialysis to remove waste products and excess fluid from your blood.
They may suggest a kidney transplant, too. A transplant is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is taken and placed into your body. Learn more about kidney transplants.
If you have an eGFR of less than 15, it means you have Stage 5 CKD. Your kidneys are getting very close to failure or have entirely failed.
If your kidneys fail, waste builds up in your blood, and your health day by day getting more deteriorating.
Symptoms of kidney failure were:
- Itching
- Muscle cramps
- Feeling sick and throwing up
- Not feeling hungry
- Swelling in your hands and feet
- Back pain
- Frequent or less urination (peeing)
- Getting trouble breathing
- Sleeplessness
- Anxiety
Once your kidneys have failed, you have left two traditional treatment options, which your doctor will suggest.
- Regular Dialysis
- Kidney transplantation
How can you prevent kidney disease and even slow down the progression of your kidney disease?
Ways that help you to prevent and slow down the kidney damage are as follows:
What are the causes of kidney failure?
Causes and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) include:
Some of the signs and symptoms of kidney failure depending upon how severe the kidney’s condition are as follows:
The doctors may also perform the following to identify kidney failure: Let’s check them:
A urinalysis is a test that examines your urine to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases, including UTI, diabetes, inflammation, blood in the urine at microscopic levels, and kidney disease.
A kidney ultrasound is a safe diagnostic procedure that does not require a needle, and the results are in the form of images that are used to determine the size, shape and position of the kidneys. It is done to check blockages in the urinary system, kidney stones, cysts, or any abnormal growth in the renal area.
In this scan, a combination of multiple X-ray images is taken from different angles. It provides a clear picture of the kidneys.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a form of imaging that offers detailed images of your kidneys in 3-D. It is mostly used to determine if you have a tumor in your kidney.
In this test, blood cultures are used to detect bacteria or fungi that may be circulating in the blood. Once the infection is confirmed, blood and urine cultures may reveal the specific bacteria causing it. Based on it, target antibiotic therapy will be accomplished.
In this procedure, the doctors will use a needle to take a small sample of your kidney tissue for biopsy (to allow them to analyze it) . They may take the sample in two ways:
- Percutaneous (through the skin) biopsy,
- Open biopsy(during surgery)
Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease
Knowing the stages of CKD is essential for you because when you know them and see the symptoms, you will reach out to a doctor immediately which will reduce the risk of further kidney damage.
You can use stem cell therapy at the early stages of kidney disease to reduce all sorts of risks.
But If you or your dear ones are suffering from end-stage kidney disease, you will have many difficulties in terms of your health.
The only solution you have is to undergo dialysis for the rest of your life or opt for a kidney transplant. Both dialysis and kidney transplant have their risks.
Also, people usually undergo 3 dialysis sessions per week and each of these sessions takes 2-4 hours. Dialysis may have many side effects such as vomiting, nausea, muscle cramps, itching, anxiety, and low blood pressure. In short, it costs you both time and money.
On the other hand, kidney transplant has its share of pros and cons. Some major cons of kidney transplants are surgical risks like bleeding, infections, and immunity-suppressing medicines. Additionally, you may need more surgeries if there are any other issues.
What is Stem Cell?
Stem cells are the cells from which all other cells of your body like blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, bone cells, and skin cells are generated. They work like your body’s basic building blocks.
The first stem cell of your body forms when the male sperm and female egg combine. This single cell creates more stem cells and slowly these stem cells turn into specialized cells. To know more about stem cells check our article on it.
How does Stem Cell work for kidney damage?
Researchers and scientists at Harvard Stem Cell Institute have recently discovered mesenchymal cells, which are a type of stem cells that have the power to heal the kidneys.
The specialists can transplant these stem cells into your body to boost the healing and regeneration of your damaged kidney tissues and treat kidney diseases. It will also lower the inflammation.
Check this video for more insights on how stem cell works.
The Process
When doctors use stem cells for kidney disease, they aim to reduce inflammation by improving your immune system. It also focuses on replacing the damaged kidney cells with the new ones which helps your kidney to function properly and filter your body waste well.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) transplant is considered the most advanced stem cell transplant. These stem cells produce substances that help blood cell formation in labs.
Also, MSC can transform itself into kidney cells and cells that create the kidney structures. These cells reduce inflammation in the kidneys prevent cell death in your kidney and boost the kidneys’ overall fu