When a parent hears “Spina Bifida,” the heart sinks. Questions rush in – What does this mean for my baby? Can this be treated? Will my child walk, go to school, and live a normal life?
The truth is – Spina Bifida is manageable, especially when parents are informed, prepared, and choose the right treatment pathway. This guide breaks down everything you need to know – in simple language – to help you make the right medical decision.
What is Spina Bifida?
Spina Bifida is a birth defect in which the baby’s spinal column doesn’t form completely during the first few weeks of pregnancy. Instead of closing fully around the spinal cord, a gap or opening remains.
This usually happens very early – often before a woman even knows she is pregnant – which is why prevention and early awareness matter so much.
Is it curable?
The defect itself cannot be reversed – but with timely treatment, surgery, and therapy, most children live healthier, happier lives.
Why Spina Bifida Type Matters for Treatment
There isn’t one fixed treatment for all cases; the treatment depends on which type your child has:
1. Spina Bifida Occulta (Mildest Form)
- Often symptomless
- May show as a small dimple, hair patch, or birthmark
- Most children do not require surgery
2. Meningocele
- A sac of fluid pushes through an opening in the spine.
- The spinal cord usually remains intact
- Surgery in India has high success rates for this type
3. Myelomeningocele (Most Severe Form)
- The spinal cord and nerves protrude through the back.
- Higher risk of paralysis, foot deformities, and bladder issues
- Post-birth Spina Bifida surgery in India within 12–72 hours is recommended
Symptoms Parents Typically Notice
| Mild | Moderate | Severe |
|---|---|---|
| No visible symptoms | Bulging sac on the back | Visible open spinal cord |
| Hair patch/dimple | Leg weakness | Partial or complete paralysis |
| No nerve injury | Possible nerve damage | Bladder & bowel dysfunction |
Pain is usually not present at birth, but nerve damage is permanent if untreated. If you notice any visible abnormality on your baby’s back, seek medical evaluation immediately. Early intervention can change outcomes.
How Spina Bifida is Diagnosed in India
Prenatal Diagnosis (During Pregnancy)
- High AFP levels in the mother’s blood
- Detailed fetal ultrasound
- Amniocentesis for confirmation
Post-Birth Diagnosis
- Visible defect on the lower back
- MRI or CT scan to check spinal cord involvement
- Neurological evaluation for mobility + bladder function
Early detection gives parents more time to plan treatment and care.
Spina Bifida Treatment in India
Not all cases need surgery – but the decision depends on type & severity.
1. No Treatment Required
- Children with Spina Bifida Occulta usually lead normal lives.
- Routine monitoring is enough
2. Post-Birth Surgery (Most Common Treatment)
- Surgeon closes the spinal opening and protects exposed nerves
- Surgery is ideally done within 24–72 hours after birth
- Reduces risk of infection & further nerve damage
Post-surgery, your child may need:
- Physiotherapy
- Bladder/bowel management
- Foot/leg orthotics or walkers
- Regular neurological review
Your child deserves the best chance at recovery. The right surgical plan can change their future.
3. Fetal / In-Utero Surgery
- Still limited in India due to specialized infrastructure requirements
- Can improve leg function and reduce hydrocephalus risk
- Usually recommended only in select advanced medical centers
4. Long-Term Rehabilitation & Therapy
Surgery closes the defect – but recovery depends greatly on therapy and supportive care:
| Care Needed | Why it Matters |
|---|---|
| Physiotherapy & strength training | Helps mobility, balance, and walking potential |
| Orthopedic devices | Helps posture and gait development |
| Urology care | Manages bladder/bowel control issues |
| Occupational therapy | Builds independence in daily tasks |
Many children with Myelomeningocele treated in India can walk with support, attend school, and enjoy active lives.
Cost of Spina Bifida Surgery & Treatment in India
Cost varies by hospital, city, and severity of the case:
| Care/Procedure | Estimated Cost |
|---|---|
| Spina Bifida surgery | ₹1.5 – 4.5 Lakhs+ |
| NICU care for newborn | Depends on duration |
| Yearly physiotherapy | ₹40,000 – 1.2 Lakhs+ |
| Orthotic devices (if needed) | Case dependent |
Parents should plan for the ongoing yearly therapy cost, not just surgery.
How to Choose the Right Hospital for Spina Bifida Treatment
Look for a center that offers:
- Pediatric neurosurgeon
- Neonatal ICU for newborn care
- Rehabilitation & physiotherapy department
- Pediatric orthopedics + urology services
- Long-term follow-up care programs
Choosing a multi-specialty hospital improves overall recovery outcomes.
Treatment Decision Guide (Quick Summary for Parents)
| Type | Ideal Treatment Approach |
| Occulta | Observation + regular check-ups |
| Meningocele | Surgery with good recovery potential |
| Myelomeningocele | Early surgery + rehabilitation + bladder care |
| Detected in womb | Discuss fetal vs postnatal surgery with specialists |
Every child is different – and a personalised treatment plan makes the real difference.
Worried or Confused About What to Do Next?
Choosing treatment can feel overwhelming – but you don’t need to do it alone.
👉 Consult with a specialist to get a personalised treatment plan for your child.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1. Can a child with Spina Bifida walk?
Yes. Many children walk independently, especially with early therapy.
Q2. Can Spina Bifida be prevented
Yes – many cases can be reduced through regular folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy. A healthy diet, controlled diabetes, and prenatal screening also help.
Q3. Which doctor treats Spina Bifida?
The primary doctor is a Pediatric Neurosurgeon, but a full treatment team often includes:
– Neonatologist
– Orthopedic specialist
– Physiotherapist
– Urologist
– Rehabilitation specialist
A multi-specialty hospital is the best choice.
References
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559265/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spina-bifida/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377865
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10193354/
Medically Reviewed by MedicoExperts Editorial & Clinical Review Board on 29 November 2025
Medical Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or dietary needs.
