Understanding the Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Cancer
The diagnosis of oral cavity cancer is a critical step in understanding the condition and planning the right course of treatment. It typically involves a combination of physical examinations, imaging techniques, and tissue analysis to confirm the presence and extent of the disease. Accurate diagnosis not only helps in identifying the cancer but also plays a vital role in determining its stage and the most effective treatment approach.
How is the Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Cancer done?
The diagnosis of oral cavity cancer involves a thorough medical evaluation to confirm the presence of cancer and understand its progression. Here’s how:
In the physical exam, the doctor takes a look at the mouth, lips, and throat to see if there are any abnormalities. They also check areas where you may feel irritation like soreness in the throat and white or red patches.
In a physical exam, if a doctor observes any abnormalities, they remove some tissue samples from that area for laboratory test purposes. Doctors may use cutting tools to remove some samples, and they will be sent to the laboratory for testing purposes.
There are two types of biopsies. They are as follows:
1. Brush Biopsy
Brush biopsy is also termed a scrape biopsy or exfoliative cytology. In a brush biopsy, the area of concern is delicately scraped. This is done by using a small brush or spatula to collect cells that will be analyzed for signs of cancer.
2. Incisional Biopsy
An incisional biopsy involves the removal of small tissue samples by your healthcare provider to obtain cells for examination and cancer detection.
There are two different techniques used to check the throat and larynx:
In Indirect pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy, a small mirror is attached to a long and slim handle. This allows us to capture and visualize the base of the tongue, throat, and larynx.
In Direct (flexible) pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy, a thin and flexible tube with a light source is used. This viewing lens can reach places not easily seen by mirrors, offering a more complete view.
When found at an early stage, mouth cancer can be cured completely.
If biopsy reports are positive, then the next step is to check the extent to which the cancer has spread in the body. To do that, various tests are performed.
It helps doctors to find out what stage of cancer it is. Treatment of cancer depends on what stage of cancer it is. So, here are some tests
1. Endoscopy
In endoscopy, a small flexible tube along with a camera is inserted into the mouth. With the help of a camera doctor checks whether cancer has spread beyond the mouth or not.
2. Imaging Tests
Various imaging tests are prescribed to confirm whether cancer has spread beyond the mouth and to how much extent.
Imaging tests like X-ray, CT scan, MRI, and PET are recommended for testing. Doctors may combine any of these tests as per requirement.
After imaging tests, the doctor decides on treatment as on the extent of cancer.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1. How is the diagnosis of oral cavity cancer confirmed?
A. Diagnosis is confirmed through a combination of clinical evaluation, diagnostic tests, and pathological analysis.
Q2. Is early diagnosis of oral cavity cancer important?
A. Yes, early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes and increases the chances of successful recovery.
Q3. What should I expect during the diagnostic process?
A. The process typically includes a detailed assessment by a specialist, followed by recommended tests to determine the presence and extent of the disease.
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Author Bio:
Dr. Yashashree Joshi – MBBS, MD (Philippines)
Dr. Yashashree Joshi, MD, is a globally-trained oncologist with a robust academic background and extensive experience in pioneering cancer treatments. Dedicated to patient-centered care, she continually integrates the latest advancements in oncology to provide her patients with innovative and personalized treatment plans.
Content Medically Reviewed By MedicoExperts Editorial & Clinically Review Board
