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Breast cancer case studies

Oana, a 32-year-old female from Lagos, Nigeria.  She is a fun-loving woman who loves to party with friends. She is unmarried and lives with her father and mother.

She works as a business development manager in an MNC in Lagos. She has a very cheerful and friendly personality. She is very punctual, and all her clients are very amazed by her personality.

Two years ago, She felt a lump on her right breast, This was the first time she suspected something was wrong. She was concerned about it and curious to know what was wrong with her breast.

Oana visited a gynecologist nearby and the gynecologist suggested an ultrasound, but the test findings were normal. She came back as nothing was detected, but the lump was still there, and she could feel it.

After 3 months, Oana still felt the lump, but this time she observed that her areola had a dark spot and her nipple had crustiness and discharge.

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This time she decided to visit another gynecologist. Oana requested for a thorough evaluation. The doctor suggested her to do a mammogram, Ultrasound, and MRI. The next day report came and the doctor got suspicious of cancer and suggested the biopsy.

The results revealed she had HER2-positive breast cancer.  Oana was terrified and almost lost, but her family helped Oana come out of shock.

Oana’s father started finding the possible treatment options. One of the oncologists suggested chemotherapy and mastectomy.

Oana got scared when the doctor told her that her right breast need to be removed.

Oana creates an image in her mind of how bad she might look after her breast is removed. How people will think about her and she might also not join the office back.

Oana and her family started to search for the best treatment for breast cancer. Oana’s boss came to know about her condition and he advised Oana that she should go to India for the treatment.

Oana got in touch with MedicoExperts while searching for the best breast cancer treatment in India. She inquired about treatment on the MedicoExperts website and the MedicoExperts patient care department got in touch with her and she sent all her reports.

MedicoExperts arranged an online video consultation for her with a Breast cancer surgeon, she cleared all her doubts regarding the treatment and she doesn’t want to remove her breast.

The doctor explained breast conservation surgery, mastectomy, and breast reconstruction surgery to her. The doctor also mentioned that the final decision will depend on a few more investigations. However, whatever would be the final decision, she will have the option for breast reconstruction.

She got convinced after talking with the doctor and decided to come to India for the treatment.

Oana came to India for the treatment and the hospital evaluation is performed to check the current status of the cancer. Based on the reports the doctor suggested for the mastectomy ( Breast removal) of the right breast.

The breast surgeon did the mastectomy and her multiple cancer tumors was removed along with the breast.

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After the mastectomy, a few sessions of chemotherapy was given. Chemotherapy was also followed by radiation therapy. She eventually got rid of her cancer but it was very difficult for her to see herself in the mirror with one breast.

Oana decided to go for breast reconstruction surgery as she didn’t find herself complete. Her breast reconstruction surgery was also conducted in three stages.

After the reconstruction, she was very happy and finally had a feeling of victory over cancer.

Oana shared her experience.

Everyone was very supportive and caring through my surgery, and treatment afterward. After the surgery, I received chemotherapy and radiation. I was also suggested on what to eat and how to manage my side-effects of treatment. I must say, they really know how to handle sensitive cases as well and also ensure there is a lot of positivity and care. I am glad we chose to travel to India and chose MedicoExperts to be our guide in our journey.

You can also win your battle against breast cancer and live a life as if nothing happened.

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What is Breast Cancer?

It is a cancer that starts in the breast tissues. Cancer begins when cells start to grow out of control. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age and weight gain.

Different types of breast cancer depend on which cells in the breast turn cancerous. A Breast is made up of three parts: lobules, ducts, and connective tissue.

The lobules are the glands that produce milk and ducts are the tubes that carry milk to the nipple. The connective tissue which comprises fibrous and fatty tissue encircles and holds everything together.

Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can spread out of the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.

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What are the different Stages of Breast Cancer?

There are four stages of breast cancer. The stages are classified according to the size of the tumor and whether the tumor has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body.

The cells are limited to the ducts and have not spread to surrounding tissues. Stage 0 is also called Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS).

  • Stage 1A 

At this stage, the tumor has not affected the lymph nodes or there are small groups of cancer cells in the lymph nodes. During this stage, the tumors measure up to 2 centimeters.

  • Stage 1B

Cancer is found in nearby lymph nodes and either there is no tumor in the breast or is smaller than 2cm.

  • Stage 2A  

At this stage, the tumor is 2 centimeters and has started to spread to 1-3 lymph nodes or is 2-5 centimeters and has not spread to lymph nodes.

  • Stage 2B 

At this stage, the tumor is between 2-5 cm and has spread to 1-3 axillary lymph nodes or it is larger than 5cm and has not spread to any lymph nodes.

  • Stage 3A

At this stage, the tumor has spread to the nearby lymph nodes.

  • Stage 3B

At this stage, the tumor has reached the chest wall and the skin of the breast.

Sometimes, stage 3 breast cancer is inoperable and is known as inflammatory breast cancer.

At this stage, cancer can have a tumor of any size. Cancer has spread to many organs including bones, liver, lungs, and brain.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

Q1. Does breast lump go away on its own?

Lumps may sometimes regress on their own. Teenagers may develop lumps associated with the menstrual cycle (but it is not a cancer risk). Those lumps subside and are not seen by the end of the cycle. Still, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider about any lumps you have. Your provider can find out what is going on with the lump and whether it has to be checked or treated in any way.

Q2. Are all breast lumps tumorous?

Most of the time, lumps that can be easily moved around are not cancerous. They are fibroadenomas or cysts. As for the moveable breast lumps, they are mostly benign but it is advised to consult a doctor. Breast cancer can be felt particularly in the early stages as movable lumps, which is why it is necessary to go to a specialist to exclude the presence of cancer.

Q3. Is radiotherapy or chemotherapy needed after breast lump removal?

Adjuvant radiotherapy may be advised following mastectomy to kill any cancer cells that may have been left behind in the breast following surgery. Mastectomy is a procedure in which the surgeon tries to remove every cell of the breast tissue, which is a difficult task.

Q4. How to check for lumps in the breast?

With the pads of your 3 middle fingers, examine the entire breast and armpit, applying light, moderate, and deep pressure. Appreciate both breasts every month by trying to feel for any new lump, thickening, or any abnormality of the breast.

Q5. Can I get breast cancer again after surgery?

Many women have no further difficulties after their primary therapy for breast cancer. However, breast cancer may recur after the treatment to attempt to cure it. If the cancer comes back after treatment, this is called recurrent or relapsed breast cancer.

Q6. How long does the breast cancer surgery take to be completed?

A mastectomy alone may take one to three hours. The patient is usually discharged on the same day of the operation depending on how major the surgery is.

Q7. How long does it take to recover from breast cancer surgery?

Your wound may take approximately six to eight weeks to heal. However, it may take several months for your breast or chest wall and your arm to feel normal especially if you had surgery under your arm. Sometimes, the part that has been operated will always have a different feeling.

Q8. Does breast cancer spread fast?

It has been estimated that breast cancer on average takes 180 days, that is half a year, to double in size. The growth rate of any particular type of cancer will be a function of many factors.

Next in Breast Cancer

Types of Breast Cancer

Dr. Yashashree Joshi

Author Bio:

Dr. Yashashree Joshi – MBBS, MD (Philippines)

Dr. Yashashree Joshi, MD, is a globally-trained oncologist with a robust academic background and extensive experience in pioneering cancer treatments. Dedicated to patient-centered care, she continually integrates the latest advancements in oncology to provide her patients with innovative and personalized treatment plans.

Author: Dr. Yashashree Joshi

Dr. Yashashree Joshi is an MD from the Philippines with a focus on advanced oncological treatments. Dr. Joshi believes in always learning and growing as a professional keeping up with the latest oncology research to give her patients the best care possible.

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